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Field experiments were conducted in Ethiopia to evaluate the effect of silicon fertilizer and sugarcane bagasse on tomato bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum). Silicon fertilizer significantly reduced the bacterial population, mean wilt incidence, percent severity index, and corresponding areas of disease incidence, and severity progress curves in the moderately resistant tomato cultivar (King...
A study to determine the effect of essential oils, used together with mixed packaging, on controlling stored-grain insects, was conducted in the laboratory. Plant essential oils are one of the materials that act like a contact-fumigant, offering the prospect for use in stored product protection. Plant essential oils must have the ability to repel the insects in order to prevent penetration to foodstuffs...
The reaction of tomato cv. Roma vf (Solanum lycopersicum) to Meloidogyne javanica Treub infestation in an ultisol treated with aqueous leaf extracts of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina L.) and mango (Mangifera indica L.) was investigated in the Federal College of Agriculture Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, SE Nigeria. Two pot experiments were performed in 2008 and 2009. The various leaf extracts were used...
Diversity and dynamics of soil nematodes were observed in okra based crop sequences in West Bengal, India. The major nematode species identified were: Rotylenchulus reniformis, Meloidogyne incognita, Hoplolaimus indicus, Tylenchorhynchus mashhoodi and Criconemoides onoensis. R. reniformis and M. incognita were found to be the most abundant. The okra-cowpea-cabbage and okra-cucumber-mustard sequences...
Different methods of inoculations were tried for proving Koch postulates. Among them, the pin prick plus spore suspension spray was found be the best method used in a glasshouse. Out of the fifteen isolates of Alternaria alternata, isolate AA1 was highly virulent and AA6 was avirulent. The virulent isolate of A. alternata produced more cellulolytic (C1 and Cx) and pectinolytic (macerating enzymes,...
Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), ajowan (Carum copticum L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) and summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) were assessed under in vivo condition for antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea on kiwifruits. Inoculated and oil-treated fruits were kept in storage, 90 days. Evaluation of the antifungal activity of essential oils...
Soil samples were collected from 10 plantations of tulip. The most often found plant-parasitic nematode was Pratylenchus neglectus, of which 80 species were found. But P. neglectus was usually not over 10% of the individuals in the samples. Among ectoparasitic nematodes, the most often found was Bitylenchus dubius. The occurrence of Bitylenchus dubius was not dependent on the acidity of the soil....
From 1999 to 2007, in separate experiments located in Mazury, Żuławy Wiślane and Powiśle, the presence of Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat as dependent on the forecrop and fungicide application was studied. During the experiments, FHB occurred in different intensities. High intensity was observed in the years 1999, 2001 and 2007. In other years it was low or only at trace levels. More disease symptoms...
The behaviour of the peach potato aphid Myzus persicae (Sulz.) was studied during settling on plants. The experiment involved observing peach potato aphid activity after the application of some natural and synthetic cyclohexanones and the, respective ε-lactones and epoxy-ε-lactones which were obtained from the cyclohexanones. Stereochemistry, and the number and position of methyl substituents were...
Various viral genomes from plant pathogenic fungi have been reported. The most common of these genomes found are dsRNA which in some fungi are associated with hypovirulence and have been used or proposed as biological control agents. In this study 33 Iranian isolates of Fusarium graminearum, were examined for dsRNA infection. In 12 of these isolates, more than three viral fragments measuring 0.9,...
Effectiveness of spinosad dust formulation, that contains 0.125% spinosad, was evaluated against adults Callosubruchus maculatus (F.) on four commodities: chickpea, split pea, cowpea and lentil. Spinosad was applied at three dose rates: 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 g/kg, corresponding to 0.125, 0.25 and 0.375 mg/kg of the active ingredient, respectively. The experiment was carried out at 27°C and 55±5% relative...
The studies were carried out on the maize crops grown in monoculture in 2004-2005 on two experimental fields at Łosiów and Wronów in the Opole region, Poland. Larvae of these four hoverfly species: Sphaerophoria scripta (L.), S. rueppelli (Wied.), S. menthastri (L.) and Episyrphus balteatus (Deg.) were found on maize plants. S. scripta was more abundant at both sites in 2004, whereas S. rueppelli...
A six year field study was conducted from 2001-2002 to 2006-2007 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India to study the losses in seed yield of different Brassica species (B. juncea, B. napus, B. carinata, B. rapa and Eruca sativa) by the infestation of insect pests. The experiment was conducted in two different sets viz. protected/sprayed and unprotected, in a randomized block design, with...
Phytophthora inflata Caros & Tucker was detected together with P. citricola Sawada from rhododendron cv. University of Helsinki with necrotic spots on leaves. Spots were enlarged on tip parts of the stems. The rhododendron plantswere taken from hardy ornamental stock. Inoculation of the leaf blades of 15 species and cultivars of rhododendron with P. inflata and P. citricola resulted in the development...
The efficacy of different water volume and nozzle systems, comprising spinning-discs with two disc speeds (low volume, LV), a spinning-cage rotary atomizer (median volume, MV), a flat fan nozzle Teejet-11004 (high volume, HV), and no weed control, were assessed for the application of 2,4-D to control weeds in irrigated wheat. The herbicide was applied at the tillering stage of cultivated wheat, Ghods...
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, F. solani and Rhizoctonia solani were isolated from the wilted chickpea (Cicer arietinum) plants. To manage the wilt complex cultural practices, use of biocontrol agents and fungicides were tried under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Sowing of chickpea at different dates revealed that early sowing (10th Oct.) resulted in maximum disease incidence (32.20%), whereas,...
Resistance to economically important diseases is one of the most desired traits to have in plant crops. The Fragaria genus including 21 wild and cultivated species (Fragaria x ananassa), contains genetic sources of diseases resistance that are quite rich but not fully exploited in breeding for resistance. Usefulness of different molecular techniques and high throughput technologies for the dissection...
The aim of the study was to compare the Noctuidae moths in three selected farmland environments, using ecological indices. The study was conducted from 2003 to 2006 on fields sown with winter wheat, sugar beets, maize and winter rape plants. The subject of the study was the imago of moth caught by light traps. Light traps (Polish brand) were located at: the Institute of Plant Protection, the Agricultural...
The impact of different isolates of three species of the Trichoderma genus on the development of wild strains of Coprinus comatus mycelium was investigated. Nine strains of C. comatus obtained from natural sites and one cultivated strain were used in the trail. The following Trichoderma isolates were used: T. aggressivum f. europaeum, T. longibrachiatum and T. atroviride. It was found that isolates...
Experiments were conducted under laboratory and greenhouse conditions to investigate the allelopathic activity of aqueous extracts of dry and fresh leaves of Eucalyptus citriodora on purslane weed growth and nematode Meloidogyne incognita infecting sunflower plants cv. Giza 102. A Petri dish biotest showed that the aqueous extracts significantly reduced purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) seedling length,...
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